Spatial reflection patterns of iridescent wings of male pierid butterflies: curved scales reflect at a wider angle than flat scales

Reflectance and transmittance of light scattering scales stacked on the wings of pierid butterflies.

The colors of butterfly wings are determined by the structural as well as pigmentary properties of the wing scales. Reflectance spectra of the wings of a number of pierid butterfly species, specifically the small white, Pieris rapae, show that the long-wavelength reflectance of the scales in situ, on the wing, is distinctly higher than that of single, isolated scales. An optical model explains ...

Wing coloration and pigment gradients in scales of pierid butterflies.

Depending on the species, the individual scales of butterfly wings have a longitudinal gradient in structure and reflectance properties, as shown by scanning electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry. White scales of the male Small White, Pieris rapae crucivora, show a strong gradient in both the density in pigment granules and the reflectance. After pigment extraction by aqueous ammonia, ...

effect of sub-grid scales on large eddy simulation of particle deposition in a turbulent channel flow

چکیده ندارد.

Changes at Multiple Spatial Scales

Change detection on rasterized data is extremely dependent on accurate radiometric and geometric rectification. The development of processing tools able to minimise these requirements has been recognised since the late eighties. In the present paper we present a methodology for detecting changes on multidate satellite images with different radiometric and geometric characteristics via Multireso...

Design Patterns at Different Scales